| Abstract | Electric vehicles (EV) are considered a strong alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. EVs are considered to have low environmental impact and operating costs. However, studies show that electric vehicle is not a cure-all solution for all the problems and needs careful optimization. Many problems persist including the drive range, high initial cost, and battery degradation of the EVs. These shortcomings are mainly due to cycle efficiency and cycle life constraints of the energy storage system (ESS), which is usually a homogeneous lithium-ion battery bank in commercial vehicles. Such optimization practices have been performed in many ways, which are rather layered optimization. On the other way, a more systematic approach based on computer-aided design gives holistic optimization opportunities. We propose to overcome the hurdles by computer-aided design optimization of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for EVs. |